Science Study Guide - Test Thursday

1. List 3 examples of how Heb. 1:11 describes the heavens and earth degenerating.

-Stars exhaust their fuel and die

-comets break up into fragments

-the earth's magnetic field is wearing down

2. Describe how soil forms.

weathered rock

3. List and describe the forms of chemical and mechanical weathering.

 chemical - disintegrates rocks by changing their composition

              - acids, pollutants, rainfall (all rainfall is acidic because of the CO2 in the air.)

 mechanical - breaks up rocks into smaller pieces by physical forces

                 - wave action, freezing and thawing, sandstorm, roots

4. What category of rock weathers fastest, and what environmental conditions lead to rapid weathering?

extrusive igneous

- the climate (warmth, moisture)

- abundant vegetation (which hold water)

5. What are the 4 components of soil found in loam?

sand, silt, clay, humus

6. Compare sand and clay in particle size and porosity. Which substance drains fastest?

 sand - more porous, larger particle size, drains fastest

clay - less porous, smaller particle size

7. List 6 soil conservation techniques.

irrigation system, strip cropping, crop rotation, conservation tillage, ground cover, wind breaks

8. List 4 types of mass wasting erosion.

avalanche, mud slide, creep, rock slide

9. Describe the normal erosion patterns for South Carolina's barrier islands. Name 3 beach erosion methods.

sand will be eroded from north and end up on south end

1. sea wall

2. sand dunes

3. beach re-nourishment

10. How does the Charleston harbor jetty affect sand migration at Sullivan's Island and Folly Beach?

Causes more sand to build up at Sullivan's and not go to Folly

11. What is the purpose of the South Carolina Beachfront Management Act?

to protect South Carolina's sandy shores by increasing jurisdiction and encouraging development to move landward

12. Describe the parts of a stream.

source - highest part of stream

gradient - slope of a stream

mouth - lowest part of a stream extends

base level - lowest level a stream can erode

13. Name the 4 South Carolina drainage basins.

Pee Dee, Santee, Charleston Harbor, ACE basin

14. Explain the purpose of building levees in a flood plain and some of the negative consequences.

levee - artificial wall that keeps water from spilling over when the river floods

but people downstream will get greater flooding

15. Explain how the continental divide influences drainage patterns in the U.S.

West of Rocky Mountains - water drains to Pacific Ocean

East of Rocky Mountains - water drains to Gulf of Mexico

East of Appalachain Mountains - water drains to Atlantic Ocean

16. Compare the pathway of a young, mature, and old river.

Young - Steep gradient, V-shaped bottom

Mature - Meander a little, sediment builds up

Old - Lots of meandering

17. Describe how the construction of South Carolina's lakes and hydro-election power plants diverted the flow of the rivers.

slows down flow, so rivers meander

18. List the uses of South Carolina's man-made lakes.

-created jobs

-some parts of SC didn't have electricity so they were used for hydro-electricity

-recreation

-water reservoir