SC History - Chapter 13 - The Road to War
Posted by Smudge on Thursday, April 28, 2011
Under: SC History
The Road to War
Manifest Destiny
- in 1845 a man named John O'Sullivan wrote that it was the manifest destiny of the United States to control all the land from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean (this is the definition of manifest destiny)
Annexing Texas
- led by Stephen F. Austin, thousands of Americans moved into east Texas and settled on land granted them by the Mexican government.
- the settlers brought cotton and slaves
- in 1830 the Mexicans ordered the Texans to stop having slaves
- in February 1836 Texas declared themselves independent of Mexico
- led by Sam Houston, the Texans defeated General Santa Anna's army at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. This victory created the Republic of Texas, a.k.a. the Lone Star Republic.
- Texas became a state in December 1845
- Mexico though Texas's border was the Nueces River instead of the Rio Grande (it was the Rio Grande)...which led to...
The Mexican-American War
- in September 1847 troops under General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City (Mexico's capital).
- John C. Fremont led California residents and defeated the Mexican forces in California at Sutter's Fort.
- then California declared independence and established the Republic of California, a.k.a. the Bear Flag Republic.
- we signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico:
- Mexico got $18 million for 500,000 square miles of land
- America got all of Texas, and the present-day states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming.
Oregon
- in 1846 Great Britain and the United States agreed to split the Oregon Territory by extending the border along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean
The Compromise of 1850
- offered by Henry Clay
- officially admitted California as a free state
- organized the territories of New Mexico and Utah without mention or restriction of slavery
- slave trade was illegal in District of Columbia
- Texas's debt paid by federal government
- new and stronger federal fugitive slave law
A Call for Secession
- fire-eater: a person in favor of secession
- fire-eaters were led by Robert Barnwell Rhett
- Langdon Cheves said South Carolina should secede only if other states did too.
- on April 26, 1852 at a meeting in Charleston we said:
- the federal government had violated the rights of the state by passing measures such as the Compromise of 1850, the Missouri Compromise, and other tariffs.
- any state had the right to secede from the Union, but now (1852) was not the time to do so.
Reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law
- before the law, if your slave ran away, you had to capture it, at your own expense
- with the law, if your slave ran away, federal marshals would chase after and capture slaves
Political Parties
- in 1854 a new part was started: Republican. (It believed in anti-slavery) This is the same party that exists today.
- John C. Fremont was the Republican president candidate. He didn't win but got over 1 million votes
- this made the fire-eaters realize that if an anti-slavery president was elected, they would definitely secede.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- popular sovereignty: people of the Kansas and Nebraska regions could vote on whether they wanted slavery or not.
- this pretty much violated the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850
Increasing Tensions Over Slavery
- Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin which described all slave owners as mean and cruel.
- Dred Scott, a slave, said "since his master took him into Illinois (a free state), then he was free." Yet the Supreme Court disagreed with Dred Scott.
- John Brown: famous abolitionist
Nominees for President in 1860
- Abraham Lincoln: Republican (won)
- John Breckinridge: Democrat, Southern
- John Bell: Constitutional Union
- Stephen Douglas: Democrat, Northern
- since a Republican (Lincoln) won the election, on December 20, 1860, South Carolina adopted an ordinance of secession, and seceded from the Union.
- on February 1, 1861, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Florida joined South Carolina and seceded.
- on February 4, 1861, leaders from the seceded states ↑ met in Montgomery, Alabama, and formed the Confederate States of America.
- Jefferson Davis: the first and only president of the Confederate States of America.
Manifest Destiny
- in 1845 a man named John O'Sullivan wrote that it was the manifest destiny of the United States to control all the land from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean (this is the definition of manifest destiny)
Annexing Texas
- led by Stephen F. Austin, thousands of Americans moved into east Texas and settled on land granted them by the Mexican government.
- the settlers brought cotton and slaves
- in 1830 the Mexicans ordered the Texans to stop having slaves
- in February 1836 Texas declared themselves independent of Mexico
- led by Sam Houston, the Texans defeated General Santa Anna's army at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. This victory created the Republic of Texas, a.k.a. the Lone Star Republic.
- Texas became a state in December 1845
- Mexico though Texas's border was the Nueces River instead of the Rio Grande (it was the Rio Grande)...which led to...
The Mexican-American War
- in September 1847 troops under General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City (Mexico's capital).
- John C. Fremont led California residents and defeated the Mexican forces in California at Sutter's Fort.
- then California declared independence and established the Republic of California, a.k.a. the Bear Flag Republic.
- we signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico:
- Mexico got $18 million for 500,000 square miles of land
- America got all of Texas, and the present-day states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming.
Oregon
- in 1846 Great Britain and the United States agreed to split the Oregon Territory by extending the border along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean
The Compromise of 1850
- offered by Henry Clay
- officially admitted California as a free state
- organized the territories of New Mexico and Utah without mention or restriction of slavery
- slave trade was illegal in District of Columbia
- Texas's debt paid by federal government
- new and stronger federal fugitive slave law
A Call for Secession
- fire-eater: a person in favor of secession
- fire-eaters were led by Robert Barnwell Rhett
- Langdon Cheves said South Carolina should secede only if other states did too.
- on April 26, 1852 at a meeting in Charleston we said:
- the federal government had violated the rights of the state by passing measures such as the Compromise of 1850, the Missouri Compromise, and other tariffs.
- any state had the right to secede from the Union, but now (1852) was not the time to do so.
Reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law
- before the law, if your slave ran away, you had to capture it, at your own expense
- with the law, if your slave ran away, federal marshals would chase after and capture slaves
Political Parties
- in 1854 a new part was started: Republican. (It believed in anti-slavery) This is the same party that exists today.
- John C. Fremont was the Republican president candidate. He didn't win but got over 1 million votes
- this made the fire-eaters realize that if an anti-slavery president was elected, they would definitely secede.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- popular sovereignty: people of the Kansas and Nebraska regions could vote on whether they wanted slavery or not.
- this pretty much violated the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850
Increasing Tensions Over Slavery
- Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin which described all slave owners as mean and cruel.
- Dred Scott, a slave, said "since his master took him into Illinois (a free state), then he was free." Yet the Supreme Court disagreed with Dred Scott.
- John Brown: famous abolitionist
Nominees for President in 1860
- Abraham Lincoln: Republican (won)
- John Breckinridge: Democrat, Southern
- John Bell: Constitutional Union
- Stephen Douglas: Democrat, Northern
- since a Republican (Lincoln) won the election, on December 20, 1860, South Carolina adopted an ordinance of secession, and seceded from the Union.
- on February 1, 1861, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Florida joined South Carolina and seceded.
- on February 4, 1861, leaders from the seceded states ↑ met in Montgomery, Alabama, and formed the Confederate States of America.
- Jefferson Davis: the first and only president of the Confederate States of America.
In : SC History