Science Outline - Test Thursday

IT IS READY TO PRINT!!!!! :)

(Thanks to Meg and Maddie Claire for helping!)

1. What technology gives us clues about the materials which make up earth's interior?

seismograph

2. Describe the composition of the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

crust - solid rock

mantle - molten rock

outer core - liquid iron

inner core - solid iron

3. Describe Project Moho.

to drill through the crust

4. Define the term mineral.

  • naturally formed
  • solid
  • crystalline shape
  • inorganic (meaning no carbon, no nitrogen)

5. Distinguish between elements, compounds, and mixtures and give two examples of each.

Elements - one type of atom - copper, silver

Compounds - two or more elements - salt, pure water

Mixtures - mixing lots of compounds with no proportion - coins, paper

6. Describe the following mineral properties -- color, streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness, specific gravity, flame test, acid test, magnetism, and ultraviolet light.

Color - least reliable, based on color of mineral

Streak - the color of the mineral's powder

Luster - the quality and intensity of the light reflected from the mineral's surface

Cleavage - if the mineral breaks into flat sheets

Fracture - if the mineral break into crystals of the same shape

Hardness - ability to withstand scratching

Specific Gravity - density

Flame Test - if you put a crystal in a flame, the color of the flame shows what elements are in the crystal

Acid Test - acid makes the mineral fizz if the mineral contains calcium

Magnetism - magnetic mineral

Ultraviolet Light - if you put the mineral under a black light, the mineral will glow if it is phosphorescent/florescent

7. List the minerals in order using Moh's Scale of Hardness (p. 278). Include the hardness of a fingernail and a knife blade.

  1. Talc
  2. Gypsum                      2.5 - Fingernail
  3. Calcite
  4. Fluorite
  5. Apatite
  6. Feldspar                     6.5 - Knife Blade
  7. Quartz
  8. Topaz
  9. Corundum
  10. Diamond

8. Discuss uses of gold, silver, platinum, iron, aluminum, and copper.

Gold - jewelry, commodities, visor of astronaut suit

Silver - wiring, jewelry, tableware, commodities

Platinum - catalytic converters, commodities

Iron - steel

Aluminum - sheet metal, cans

Copper - wiring and piping

9. Identify aluminum and iron ores and describe smelting.

Aluminum - hematite

Iron - magnetite

Smelting - extracting ore

10. Describe the composition of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.

Pennies - mostly zinc, outer layer of copper

Nickels, Dimes, and Quarters - mostly copper, outer layer of nickel

11. List 4 substances mined in South Carolina.

gold, granite, sand, clay, kaolin, peat moss

12. Give examples of fragmental and chemical sedimentary rocks. Name the process that forms sedimentary rocks.

Fragmental - shale, siltstone, sandstone

Chemical - limestone, halite

The process that forms sedimentary rocks - Sedimentation and Compaction

13. Describe how fossils are formed in sedimentary rock.

imprints in sedimentary rock

14. List 4 fraudulent methods used by evolutionists to show "missing links" between animals and man.

  1. completely human fossils
  2. misidentified animal fossils
  3. hoaxes
  4. not enough evidence to identify

15. Describe and give examples of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Name the process which forms igneous rocks.

Intrusive - granite, rhyolite

Extrusive - obsidian, pumice, basalt

The process that forms igneous rocks - Melting and Crystallization

16. Describe and give examples of foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks. Name the process which forms metamorphic rocks.

Foliated - gneiss, marble

Non-Foliated - schist, slate

The process that forms metamorphic rocks - Heating and Pressure

17. Describe the rock cycle and explain how one category of rock can be transformed into another.